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London Average Temperature vs US Urban Population
London Average Temperature and US Urban Population correlate at r = +0.68 over 66 years (1960–2025), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.15. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to -0.15 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- +0.68
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 66 (1960–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.52 to 0.79
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.15
Sources
- London Average Temperature (°C): Open-Meteo (ERA5). Annual mean 2m air temperature for London from the ERA5 reanalysis.
- US Urban Population (% of total): World Bank. US Urban Population (World Bank indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Rural Population vs US Urban Population (r = -1.00)
- US Population vs US Urban Population (r = +0.97)
- US Adult Obesity vs US Urban Population (r = +0.95)
- US Median Age vs US Urban Population (r = +0.95)
- US Electricity Generation vs US Urban Population (r = +0.95)
- US Life Expectancy vs US Urban Population (r = +0.95)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.