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Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Population

Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) and US Population correlate at r = +0.99 over 66 years (1960–2025), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.28. Likely spurious (shared time trend).

Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.28 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.

Pearson r
+0.99
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
66 (1960–2025)
95% confidence interval
0.99 to 0.99
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.28

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.