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US Air Passengers Carried vs US Fertility Rate

US Air Passengers Carried and US Fertility Rate correlate at r = -0.27 over 54 years (1970–2023), p = 0.048. With the time trend removed, r = +0.33. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.27, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.33. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
-0.27
p-value
0.048
Years compared (n)
54 (1970–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.50 to -0.00
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.33

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.