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US CO₂ Emissions per Capita vs US Annual Working Hours per Worker

US CO₂ Emissions per Capita and US Annual Working Hours per Worker correlate at r = -0.73 over 81 years (1870–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.53. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.53). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.73
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
81 (1870–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.82 to -0.61
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.53

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.