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US Coal Consumption vs US Electricity Generation

US Coal Consumption and US Electricity Generation correlate at r = -0.34 over 41 years (1985–2025), p = 0.031. With the time trend removed, r = +0.82. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.34, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.82. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
-0.34
p-value
0.031
Years compared (n)
41 (1985–2025)
95% confidence interval
-0.58 to -0.03
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.82

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.