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US Coal Consumption vs US Health Expenditure
US Coal Consumption and US Health Expenditure correlate at r = -0.80 over 24 years (2000–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.34. Direction flips without the trend.
Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.80, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.34. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.
- Pearson r
- -0.80
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 24 (2000–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.91 to -0.59
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.34
Sources
- US Coal Consumption (TWh): Our World in Data. US Coal Consumption (Our World in Data: Coal).
- US Health Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US Health Expenditure (World Bank indicator SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Marriage Rate vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.94)
- US Energy Use per Capita vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.94)
- US Adult Obesity vs US Health Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US CO₂ Emissions per Capita vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.93)
- US Alcohol Consumption vs US Health Expenditure (r = +0.93)
- US Coal Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = -0.93)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.