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US Coal Consumption vs US Infant Mortality

US Coal Consumption and US Infant Mortality correlate at r = -0.44 over 60 years (1965–2024), p = 3.8e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.73. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 3.8e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.73). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.44
p-value
3.8e-4
Years compared (n)
60 (1965–2024)
95% confidence interval
-0.63 to -0.21
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.73

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.