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US Electricity Generation vs US Milk Consumption per Person

US Electricity Generation and US Milk Consumption per Person correlate at r = -0.56 over 39 years (1985–2023), p = 2.1e-4. With the time trend removed, r = +0.46. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.56, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.46. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
-0.56
p-value
2.1e-4
Years compared (n)
39 (1985–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.74 to -0.30
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.46

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.