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US Electricity Generation vs US Annual Working Hours per Worker

US Electricity Generation and US Annual Working Hours per Worker correlate at r = -0.40 over 39 years (1985–2023), p = 0.012. With the time trend removed, r = +0.59. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.40, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.59. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
-0.40
p-value
0.012
Years compared (n)
39 (1985–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.64 to -0.10
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.59

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.