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US Fertility Rate vs US Annual Working Hours per Worker

US Fertility Rate and US Annual Working Hours per Worker correlate at r = +0.87 over 75 years (1938–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.67. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.67). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.87
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
75 (1938–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.80 to 0.91
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.67

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.