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US Natural Gas Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure

US Natural Gas Consumption and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = +0.93 over 28 years (1996–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.66. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.66). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.93
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
28 (1996–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.84 to 0.97
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.66

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.