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US Marriage Rate vs Sunspot Number

US Marriage Rate and Sunspot Number correlate at r = +0.26 over 128 years (1886–2022), p = 0.0032. With the time trend removed, r = +0.31. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0032) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.31). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.26
p-value
0.0032
Years compared (n)
128 (1886–2022)
95% confidence interval
0.09 to 0.41
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.31

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.