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US Milk Consumption per Person vs US Health Expenditure

US Milk Consumption per Person and US Health Expenditure correlate at r = -0.77 over 24 years (2000–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.23. Likely spurious (shared time trend).

Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to -0.23 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.

Pearson r
-0.77
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
24 (2000–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.90 to -0.54
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.23

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.