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US Milk Consumption per Person vs US Net Migration

US Milk Consumption per Person and US Net Migration correlate at r = -0.38 over 63 years (1961–2023), p = 0.0021. With the time trend removed, r = +0.01. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0021) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.01). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.38
p-value
0.0021
Years compared (n)
63 (1961–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.57 to -0.15
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.01

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.