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US Milk Consumption per Person vs US Rural Population

US Milk Consumption per Person and US Rural Population correlate at r = +0.42 over 63 years (1961–2023), p = 5.8e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.27. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 5.8e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.27). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.42
p-value
5.8e-4
Years compared (n)
63 (1961–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.19 to 0.61
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.27

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.