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US Solar Energy Consumption vs US Resident Patent Applications

US Solar Energy Consumption and US Resident Patent Applications correlate at r = +0.56 over 39 years (1983–2021), p = 2.2e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.63. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is 0.56, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes -0.63. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
+0.56
p-value
2.2e-4
Years compared (n)
39 (1983–2021)
95% confidence interval
0.30 to 0.74
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.63

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.