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US Wind Power Generation vs US Rural Population

US Wind Power Generation and US Rural Population correlate at r = -0.54 over 43 years (1983–2025), p = 2.0e-4. With the time trend removed, r = +0.98. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is -0.54, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes 0.98. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
-0.54
p-value
2.0e-4
Years compared (n)
43 (1983–2025)
95% confidence interval
-0.72 to -0.28
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.98

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.