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Sunspot Number vs US Urban Population

Sunspot Number and US Urban Population correlate at r = -0.21 over 66 years (1960–2025), p = 0.098. With the time trend removed, r = -0.15. Not statistically significant.

Verdict: Not statistically significant. With n = 66, this correlation isn't statistically significant (p = 0.098). It could easily be chance.

Pearson r
-0.21
p-value
0.098
Years compared (n)
66 (1960–2025)
95% confidence interval
-0.43 to 0.04
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.15

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.