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US Federal Debt Outstanding vs US Mobile Subscriptions

US Federal Debt Outstanding and US Mobile Subscriptions correlate at r = +0.89 over 50 years (1960–2024), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.46. Interpret with caution.

Verdict: Interpret with caution. Much of the apparent link is driven by a shared time trend: r falls from 0.89 to 0.46 once the trend is removed.

Pearson r
+0.89
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
50 (1960–2024)
95% confidence interval
0.82 to 0.94
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.46

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.