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US Adolescent Birth Rate vs US Rural Population

US Adolescent Birth Rate and US Rural Population correlate at r = +0.88 over 65 years (1960–2024), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.30. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is 0.88, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes -0.30. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
+0.88
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
65 (1960–2024)
95% confidence interval
0.80 to 0.92
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.30

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.