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US Female Labor Force Participation vs US GDP per Capita

US Female Labor Force Participation and US GDP per Capita correlate at r = -0.44 over 36 years (1990–2025), p = 0.0067. With the time trend removed, r = -0.11. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0067) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.11). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.44
p-value
0.0067
Years compared (n)
36 (1990–2025)
95% confidence interval
-0.67 to -0.14
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.11

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.