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US Female Labor Force Participation vs US Health Expenditure
US Female Labor Force Participation and US Health Expenditure correlate at r = -0.87 over 24 years (2000–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.29. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to -0.29 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- -0.87
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 24 (2000–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.94 to -0.71
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.29
Sources
- US Female Labor Force Participation (% of women 15+): World Bank. US Female Labor Force Participation (World Bank indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS).
- US Health Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US Health Expenditure (World Bank indicator SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Marriage Rate vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.94)
- US Energy Use per Capita vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.94)
- US Adult Obesity vs US Health Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US CO₂ Emissions per Capita vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.93)
- US Alcohol Consumption vs US Health Expenditure (r = +0.93)
- US Health Expenditure vs US Mobile Subscriptions (r = +0.93)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.