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US Health Expenditure vs US Urban Population

US Health Expenditure and US Urban Population correlate at r = +0.56 over 24 years (2000–2023), p = 0.0048. With the time trend removed, r = +0.57. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0048) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.57). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.56
p-value
0.0048
Years compared (n)
24 (2000–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.20 to 0.78
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.57

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.