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US Resident Patent Applications vs US R&D Expenditure
US Resident Patent Applications and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = +0.63 over 26 years (1996–2021), p = 5.4e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.86. Direction flips without the trend.
Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is 0.63, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes -0.86. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.
- Pearson r
- +0.63
- p-value
- 5.4e-4
- Years compared (n)
- 26 (1996–2021)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.32 to 0.82
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.86
Sources
- US Resident Patent Applications (applications): World Bank. US Resident Patent Applications (World Bank indicator IP.PAT.RESD).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Mobile Subscriptions vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.99)
- US Adult Obesity vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.98)
- US Resident Patent Applications vs US Population (r = +0.98)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.97)
- US GDP per Capita vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.97)
- US GDP (current US$) vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.97)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.