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London Average Temperature vs Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa)
London Average Temperature and Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) correlate at r = +0.75 over 66 years (1960–2025), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.24. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.24 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- +0.75
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 66 (1960–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.62 to 0.84
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.24
Sources
- London Average Temperature (°C): Open-Meteo (ERA5). Annual mean 2m air temperature for London from the ERA5 reanalysis.
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) (ppm): NOAA GML. Annual mean atmospheric carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (NOAA GML).
Related pairs
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US GDP per Capita (r = +0.99)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Population (r = +0.99)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.98)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Cereal Yield (r = +0.98)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs Atmospheric Methane (global) (r = +0.98)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Adult Obesity (r = +0.98)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.