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Sydney Average Temperature vs US Annual Working Hours per Worker

Sydney Average Temperature and US Annual Working Hours per Worker correlate at r = -0.44 over 64 years (1960–2023), p = 2.6e-4. With the time trend removed, r = +0.09. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 2.6e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.09). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.44
p-value
2.6e-4
Years compared (n)
64 (1960–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.62 to -0.22
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.09

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.