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Tokyo Average Temperature vs US CO₂ Emissions per Capita

Tokyo Average Temperature and US CO₂ Emissions per Capita correlate at r = -0.46 over 65 years (1960–2024), p = 1.0e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.31. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 1.0e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.31). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.46
p-value
1.0e-4
Years compared (n)
65 (1960–2024)
95% confidence interval
-0.64 to -0.25
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.31

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.