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Tokyo Average Temperature vs US Military Expenditure
Tokyo Average Temperature and US Military Expenditure correlate at r = -0.55 over 65 years (1960–2024), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.16. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.16 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- -0.55
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 65 (1960–2024)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.70 to -0.36
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.16
Sources
- Tokyo Average Temperature (°C): Open-Meteo (ERA5). Annual mean 2m air temperature for Tokyo from the ERA5 reanalysis.
- US Military Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US Military Expenditure (World Bank indicator MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Infant Mortality vs US Military Expenditure (r = +0.91)
- US Life Expectancy vs US Military Expenditure (r = -0.88)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Military Expenditure (r = -0.88)
- US Birth Rate vs US Military Expenditure (r = +0.87)
- US Meat Consumption per Person vs US Military Expenditure (r = -0.87)
- US Nuclear Power Generation vs US Military Expenditure (r = -0.86)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.