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Tokyo Average Temperature vs US Population

Tokyo Average Temperature and US Population correlate at r = +0.73 over 66 years (1960–2025), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.16. Likely spurious (shared time trend).

Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.16 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.

Pearson r
+0.73
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
66 (1960–2025)
95% confidence interval
0.59 to 0.82
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.16

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.