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US Dollar to Euro vs US R&D Expenditure
US Dollar to Euro and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = +0.10 over 25 years (1999–2023), p = 0.620. With the time trend removed, r = +0.52. Not statistically significant.
Verdict: Not statistically significant. With n = 25, this correlation isn't statistically significant (p = 0.620). It could easily be chance.
- Pearson r
- +0.10
- p-value
- 0.620
- Years compared (n)
- 25 (1999–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.30 to 0.48
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.52
Sources
- US Dollar to Euro (EUR per USD): Frankfurter (ECB). Annual mean US Dollar to Euro exchange rate (European Central Bank reference rates).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- Atmospheric Methane (global) vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Wind Power Generation vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Population Aged 65+ vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Solar Energy Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US Federal Debt Outstanding vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US Coal Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = -0.93)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.