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US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Annual Working Hours per Worker
US Annual CO₂ Emissions and US Annual Working Hours per Worker correlate at r = -0.79 over 81 years (1870–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.05. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.05 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- -0.79
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 81 (1870–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.86 to -0.70
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.05
Sources
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions (tonnes): Our World in Data. US Annual CO₂ Emissions (Our World in Data: Annual CO₂ emissions).
- US Annual Working Hours per Worker (hours): Our World in Data. US Annual Working Hours per Worker (Our World in Data: Working hours per worker).
Related pairs
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Meat Consumption per Person (r = +0.91)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Oil Consumption (r = +0.90)
- US Annual Working Hours per Worker vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.89)
- US Annual Working Hours per Worker vs US Infant Mortality (r = +0.89)
- US Annual Working Hours per Worker vs Worldwide Major Earthquakes (M5+) (r = -0.89)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US CO₂ Emissions per Capita (r = +0.88)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.