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US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs Sunspot Number

US Annual CO₂ Emissions and Sunspot Number correlate at r = +0.11 over 225 years (1800–2024), p = 0.103. With the time trend removed, r = -0.05. Not statistically significant.

Verdict: Not statistically significant. With n = 225, this correlation isn't statistically significant (p = 0.103). It could easily be chance.

Pearson r
+0.11
p-value
0.103
Years compared (n)
225 (1800–2024)
95% confidence interval
-0.02 to 0.24
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.05

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.