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US Fertility Rate vs US Cereal Yield

US Fertility Rate and US Cereal Yield correlate at r = -0.59 over 63 years (1961–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.21. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.21). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.59
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
63 (1961–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.73 to -0.41
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.21

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.