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US Milk Consumption per Person vs US Exports

US Milk Consumption per Person and US Exports correlate at r = -0.48 over 54 years (1970–2023), p = 2.2e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.30. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 2.2e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.30). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.48
p-value
2.2e-4
Years compared (n)
54 (1970–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.66 to -0.25
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.30

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.