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US Milk Consumption per Person vs US GDP (current US$)

US Milk Consumption per Person and US GDP (current US$) correlate at r = -0.56 over 63 years (1961–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.30. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.30). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.56
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
63 (1961–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.71 to -0.36
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.30

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.