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US Oil Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure

US Oil Consumption and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = -0.50 over 28 years (1996–2023), p = 0.0068. With the time trend removed, r = -0.13. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0068) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.13). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.50
p-value
0.0068
Years compared (n)
28 (1996–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.74 to -0.16
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.13

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.