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US Annual Working Hours per Worker vs US Imports

US Annual Working Hours per Worker and US Imports correlate at r = -0.67 over 54 years (1970–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.06. Likely spurious (shared time trend).

Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to -0.06 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.

Pearson r
-0.67
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
54 (1970–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.80 to -0.49
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.06

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.