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Sunspot Number vs US Forest Area

Sunspot Number and US Forest Area correlate at r = -0.44 over 34 years (1990–2023), p = 0.0099. With the time trend removed, r = -0.17. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0099) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.17). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.44
p-value
0.0099
Years compared (n)
34 (1990–2023)
95% confidence interval
-0.67 to -0.11
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.17

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.