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US Adolescent Birth Rate vs US R&D Expenditure
US Adolescent Birth Rate and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = -0.86 over 28 years (1996–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.01. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to 0.01 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- -0.86
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 28 (1996–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.93 to -0.71
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.01
Sources
- US Adolescent Birth Rate (per 1,000 women 15–19): World Bank. US Adolescent Birth Rate (World Bank indicator SP.ADO.TFRT).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- Atmospheric Methane (global) vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Adolescent Birth Rate (r = -0.95)
- US Wind Power Generation vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Adolescent Birth Rate vs US Cereal Yield (r = -0.95)
- US Population Aged 65+ vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Adolescent Birth Rate vs US Forest Area (r = -0.94)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.