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US Agriculture Value Added vs US R&D Expenditure
US Agriculture Value Added and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = -0.66 over 25 years (1997–2021), p = 3.1e-4. With the time trend removed, r = -0.33. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 3.1e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.33). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- -0.66
- p-value
- 3.1e-4
- Years compared (n)
- 25 (1997–2021)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.84 to -0.36
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.33
Sources
- US Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP): World Bank. US Agriculture Value Added (World Bank indicator NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- Atmospheric Methane (global) vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Wind Power Generation vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Population Aged 65+ vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Solar Energy Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US Federal Debt Outstanding vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.94)
- US Coal Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = -0.93)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.