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US Cereal Yield vs US R&D Expenditure
US Cereal Yield and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = +0.79 over 28 years (1996–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.12. Likely spurious (shared time trend).
Verdict: Likely spurious (shared time trend). Both series mostly just trend over time. After removing that trend the correlation collapses to -0.12 — the relationship is probably coincidental, not causal.
- Pearson r
- +0.79
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 28 (1996–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.59 to 0.90
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.12
Sources
- US Cereal Yield (kg per hectare): World Bank. US Cereal Yield (World Bank indicator AG.YLD.CREL.KG).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US Cereal Yield (r = +0.98)
- US Cereal Yield vs US Population (r = +0.97)
- US Cereal Yield vs US GDP per Capita (r = +0.97)
- US Cereal Yield vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.96)
- Atmospheric Methane (global) vs US R&D Expenditure (r = +0.95)
- US Adult Obesity vs US Cereal Yield (r = +0.95)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.