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US Female Labor Force Participation vs US GDP (current US$)

US Female Labor Force Participation and US GDP (current US$) correlate at r = -0.46 over 36 years (1990–2025), p = 0.0044. With the time trend removed, r = -0.20. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.0044) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.20). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
-0.46
p-value
0.0044
Years compared (n)
36 (1990–2025)
95% confidence interval
-0.69 to -0.16
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.20

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.