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US GDP (current US$) vs US Health Expenditure

US GDP (current US$) and US Health Expenditure correlate at r = +0.81 over 24 years (2000–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = -0.71. Direction flips without the trend.

Verdict: Direction flips without the trend. The raw correlation is 0.81, but once each series' time trend is removed it becomes -0.71. The year-to-year movements run the opposite way to the long-run trends, so the headline number is misleading.

Pearson r
+0.81
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
24 (2000–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.60 to 0.91
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.71

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.