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US GDP (current US$) vs US R&D Expenditure
US GDP (current US$) and US R&D Expenditure correlate at r = +0.92 over 28 years (1996–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.65. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.65). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- +0.92
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 28 (1996–2023)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.83 to 0.96
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.65
Sources
- US GDP (current US$) (USD): World Bank. US GDP (current US$) (World Bank indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD).
- US R&D Expenditure (% of GDP): World Bank. US R&D Expenditure (World Bank indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS).
Related pairs
- US GDP (current US$) vs US GDP per Capita (r = +1.00)
- Atmospheric CO₂ (Mauna Loa) vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.98)
- Atmospheric Methane (global) vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.98)
- US Federal Debt Outstanding vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.97)
- US GDP (current US$) vs US Resident Patent Applications (r = +0.97)
- US Cereal Yield vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.96)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.