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New York Average Temperature vs US Female Labor Force Participation
New York Average Temperature and US Female Labor Force Participation correlate at r = -0.38 over 36 years (1990–2025), p = 0.022. With the time trend removed, r = -0.21. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.022) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.21). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- -0.38
- p-value
- 0.022
- Years compared (n)
- 36 (1990–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.63 to -0.06
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.21
Sources
- New York Average Temperature (°C): Open-Meteo (ERA5). Annual mean 2m air temperature for New York from the ERA5 reanalysis.
- US Female Labor Force Participation (% of women 15+): World Bank. US Female Labor Force Participation (World Bank indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Female Labor Force Participation vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.87)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = +0.85)
- US Alcohol Consumption vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = -0.82)
- US Energy Use per Capita vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = +0.76)
- New York Average Temperature vs Global Temperature Anomaly (r = +0.74)
- US Coal Consumption vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = +0.74)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.