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US Coal Consumption vs US Female Labor Force Participation
US Coal Consumption and US Female Labor Force Participation correlate at r = +0.74 over 36 years (1990–2025), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.71. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.71). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- +0.74
- p-value
- < 0.0001
- Years compared (n)
- 36 (1990–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.54 to 0.86
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.71
Sources
- US Coal Consumption (TWh): Our World in Data. US Coal Consumption (Our World in Data: Coal).
- US Female Labor Force Participation (% of women 15+): World Bank. US Female Labor Force Participation (World Bank indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Coal Consumption vs US R&D Expenditure (r = -0.93)
- US Coal Consumption vs US Wind Power Generation (r = -0.90)
- US Dollar to British Pound vs US Coal Consumption (r = -0.87)
- US Female Labor Force Participation vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.87)
- US Coal Consumption vs US Solar Energy Consumption (r = -0.85)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = +0.85)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.