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US Dollar to Euro vs Sunspot Number
US Dollar to Euro and Sunspot Number correlate at r = +0.66 over 27 years (1999–2025), p = 2.0e-4. With the time trend removed, r = +0.65. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 2.0e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.65). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- +0.66
- p-value
- 2.0e-4
- Years compared (n)
- 27 (1999–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- 0.37 to 0.83
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- +0.65
Sources
- US Dollar to Euro (EUR per USD): Frankfurter (ECB). Annual mean US Dollar to Euro exchange rate (European Central Bank reference rates).
- Sunspot Number (yearly mean): SILSO. Yearly mean total sunspot number (SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium).
Related pairs
- US Dollar to Euro vs US Military Expenditure (r = -0.80)
- US Dollar to Euro vs US Urban Population (r = -0.79)
- US Dollar to Euro vs US Rural Population (r = +0.79)
- US Dollar to Euro vs US Imports (r = -0.72)
- US Alcohol Consumption vs Sunspot Number (r = -0.70)
- US Dollar to Euro vs Worldwide Major Earthquakes (M5+) (r = -0.66)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.