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US Coal Consumption vs US Oil Consumption

US Coal Consumption and US Oil Consumption correlate at r = +0.46 over 61 years (1965–2025), p = 1.7e-4. With the time trend removed, r = +0.51. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 1.7e-4) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.51). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.46
p-value
1.7e-4
Years compared (n)
61 (1965–2025)
95% confidence interval
0.24 to 0.64
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.51

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.