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US Fertility Rate vs US Milk Consumption per Person

US Fertility Rate and US Milk Consumption per Person correlate at r = +0.54 over 63 years (1961–2023), p < 0.0001. With the time trend removed, r = +0.32. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = 0.32). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.54
p-value
< 0.0001
Years compared (n)
63 (1961–2023)
95% confidence interval
0.34 to 0.69
Correlation with the time trend removed
+0.32

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.