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Tokyo Average Temperature vs US Female Labor Force Participation
Tokyo Average Temperature and US Female Labor Force Participation correlate at r = -0.36 over 36 years (1990–2025), p = 0.031. With the time trend removed, r = -0.06. Holds up after detrending.
Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.031) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.06). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.
- Pearson r
- -0.36
- p-value
- 0.031
- Years compared (n)
- 36 (1990–2025)
- 95% confidence interval
- -0.62 to -0.04
- Correlation with the time trend removed
- -0.06
Sources
- Tokyo Average Temperature (°C): Open-Meteo (ERA5). Annual mean 2m air temperature for Tokyo from the ERA5 reanalysis.
- US Female Labor Force Participation (% of women 15+): World Bank. US Female Labor Force Participation (World Bank indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS).
Related pairs
- US Female Labor Force Participation vs US Health Expenditure (r = -0.87)
- Tokyo Average Temperature vs Atmospheric Methane (global) (r = +0.86)
- US Annual CO₂ Emissions vs US Female Labor Force Participation (r = +0.85)
- Tokyo Average Temperature vs US Federal Debt Outstanding (r = +0.83)
- Tokyo Average Temperature vs US Natural Gas Consumption (r = +0.83)
- Tokyo Average Temperature vs US GDP (current US$) (r = +0.83)
Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.